Прибрежные территории

Прибрежные территории

1. https://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov — The Coast Survey is the Nation’s official chartmaker. It is the oldest U.S. scientific organization dating back to Thomas Jefferson who established the office in 1807 to encourage commerce and support the economy in a safe and efficient manner. Accurate, reliable, and up-to-date nautical chart information is more important today than at any time in the past. As margins of safety are challenged, consequences loom greater as cargo capacities are pushed to the limit. To meet this challenge, more current and precise information will be required. New electronic navigation systems can meet demands for greater protection of life, property, and the environment, as well as significantly improving the efficiency of maritime commerce. Today the Coast Survey manages the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s nautical chart data collection and information program to Promote Safe Navigation, a NOAA strategic goal.
2. https://coralreef.gov/ — United States Coral Reef Task Force: Coral Reef Conservation for the 21st Century
3. https://fpac.fsu.edu/tortugas/index.html — the Tortugas 2000 web document. Rarely in this day and age does one get the opportunity to protect a relatively undisturbed and unique coral reef ecosystem. In the case of the Tortugas we have this opportunity. The purpose of this site is to explain what is special about the Tortugas region, how the ecological reserve will be established, and how you can get involved in the process if you so desire. Please be aware that this material is evolving so some parts may be under development.
4. https://marine.er.usgs.gov — Coastal and Marine Geology A Program to investigate geologic issues of coastal and marine areas under the themes of Environmental Quality and Preservation, Natural Hazards and Public Safety, Natural Resources, and Earth-Sciences Information and Technology
5. https://state-of-coast.noaa.gov # State of the Coast: Pressures on Coastal Resources
6. https://state-of-coast.noaa.gov/bulletins/html/crf_08/crf.html — State of the Coastal Environment. The Extent & Conditions of US Coral Reefs
7. https://www.nos.noaa.gov/programs/ncos.html — National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS). The Earth’s ocean and coastal environments are home to a wealth of natural resources, and are intimately linked to the land and one another by rivers, currents, tides, and by their effects on climate. The lives and livelihoods of people are also linked to ocean and coastal environments. Oceans and properly managed coastal areas provide us with food, protect our homes and businesses from storms, and give us the opportunity to enjoy nature. However, both human activities and natural forces can change ocean and coastal environments in ways we do not understand, resulting in reductions or loss of environments and natural resources. Understanding these issues, and developing solutions to ocean and coastal problems, are vital for preserving the Nation’s environmental quality and our way of life. NOAA’s NCCOS works to understand the ocean and coastal environment, and the influences of human activities, by conducting research, monitoring, and assessments of these delicate and important areas. CCOS activities include: understanding and predicting impacts of pollution and coastal development on sensitive habitats and resources; helping to protect coastal property and residents from storms and other natural hazards; understanding the causes and consequences of harmful algal blooms, such as red tides and toxic Pfiesteria piscicida; understanding how climate change may affect our lives; and determining the complex factors that effect fish populations. Other nations, U. S. Federal agencies, state and county governments, academic scientists, and others involved in coastal and ocean-related work depend on NCCOS to provide leadership, timely scientific data, technical assistance, and coordination to clearly identify and help solve the problems that threaten our oceans and fragile coastal areas. To provide the foundati on for coastal ocean, estuarine, and Great Lakes science and offer the best available research, products, and services to improve stewardship of the Nation#s coastal and Great Lake environments. To provide a sound scientific basis for NOAA’s coastal programs, products, and services by developing and maintaining a broad cadre of scientific experts and science capabilities through both intramural and extramural research, monitoring, and assessment programs. The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) conducts and supports monitoring, research, assessment, and technical assistance for the range of NOAA#s coastal mission. With the expertise of four Centers (a fifth is proposed) and their partners, NCCOS has taken the lead responsibility for several national and regional programs, including the National Algal Bloom Program, the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Assessment, South Florida Restoration activities, the Report Card on the Nation#s Ecosystems, the Coastal and Marine Climate Assessment, and the White House Council on the Environment and Natural Resources Ecosystem Initiative. Established within the National Ocean Service (NOS), NCCOS hosts the NOS Senior Scientist, who is responsible for (1) overseeing NOS coastal science with a focus on integration and quality control of programs, processes, and products; (2) providing leadership for scientific interactions with programs inside and outside NOAA; and (3) coordinating the research, monitoring, and assessment functions of NOS# coastal and ocean activities. NCCOS is comprised of four individual Centers and one proposed Center:
8. https://www.ReefCheck.org — If you are a scuba diver, marine scientist, community organizer or simply someone with a love of coral reefs, we need your help. Reef Check is the largest international coral reef monitoring program involving recreational divers and marine scientists. In 1997, Reef Check teams completed the first global survey of coral reefs. Over 750 volunteer sport divers were trained and led by 100 volunteer scientists in surveys of more than 300 reefs in 31 countries. The results of Reef Check 97 provided the first solid evidence that coral reefs have been damaged on a global scale. Reef Check 98 covered 40 countries and documented an unprecedented global bleaching and mortality event (Results of Reef Check 98). In addition to producing valuable scientific results, Reef Check 97 raised the awareness of scientists, governments, politicians and the general public about the value of coral reefs, threats to their health and solutions to coral reef problems. This message was spread worldwide by TV coverage including CNN and BBC, and by major newspapers and magazines in a dozen languages. Due to popular demand, from now on Reef Check will be repeated every year. The more people and countries that participate, the bigger the media attention will be, and the faster solutions can be implemented. Reef Check has been selected to be the «community-based» survey program for the United Nations’ Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Reef Check helps local community members learn how to monitor their coral reefs, providing the information needed so that they can be managed in a sustainable manner. Participation in Reef Check is one of the best methods of changing people’s behavior and slowing the damage so that reefs can recover. Reef Check is one solutio n to the coral reef crisis.
9. https://www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov — the National Marine Sanctuaries. Here you’ll find important information about our nation’s marine sanctuaries — how they were established, how they’re managed, their scientific and educational programs, and the many exciting events that occur in them throughout the year. Within our 12 sites, you’ll discover a vast range of marine creatures, habitats, historical artifacts, and flourishing maritime cultures. In one site you might find giant humpback whales, in another the remains of an 18th century shipwreck, and in yet another thriving coral reef colonies. We’ll continue to update these pages and hope you’ll return often to learn more about these living marine resources we share. We appreciate your comments and suggestions. The National Marine Sanctuary Program is part of the Office of Ocean and Coastal and Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
10. https://www.uscg.mil — Founded in the 1790#s as part of the Department of Treasury, the United States Coast Guard is now part of the Department of Transportation, protecting U.S. interests at home and around the world. In peacetime and during war, the Coast Guard is at work around the clock, 365 days a year, patrolling shores, saving lives, protecting property and enhancing the flow of commerce. From helping the victims of floods and storms, to keeping millions of dollars worth of illegal drugs from flooding American communities, to teaching boating safety and cleaning up oil spills, the Coast Guard is, like its motto, Semper Paratus, Always Ready. New technologies enable us to achieve gains in our productivity and enhance mission performance as we streamline our workforce and processes. The World Wide Web assists us in achieving a strong, customer driven relationship with the public we serve.
11. https://www.wh.whoi.edu/cgi-bin/rwhale.pl — Right Whale Sighting Advisory System (SAS) Human activities, principally ship strikes and fishery gear entanglements, account for approximately one-third of all Northern right whale mortalities. In an effort to reduce ship collisions with the critically endangered right whale, The Northeast Right Whale Early Warning System (EWS), presently called Right Whale Sighting Advisory System, was developed in late 1996. The System provides real-time right whale sighting information to the commercial shipping industry and other marine traffic from air and ship surveys conducted by several agencies and organizations and from verified opportunistic sightings received primarily in the July — December period. In 1998, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the U.S. Coast Guard, the Center for Coastal Studies, the MA Division of Marine Fisheries, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , the International Wildlife Coalition, the Cetacean Research Unit, several whale watch companies, and a high speed ferry company, contributed sightings reports to the NE Right Whale SAS. With increasing awareness of the plight of the right whale and their vulnerability to collisions with ships and entanglement in fishing gear, it is anticipated that there will be additional cooperators providing sighting reports to the system in 1999 and out years.
12. https://www.wri.org # Word Resources Institute: Coastal and Marine Resource